![]() Despite the array of subcomponents that have been examined, however, alcoholics’ impairments in visuospatial cognition are evident and endure over time. These tests clearly do not measure homogeneous abilities. Other examples of tests on which alcoholics have performed poorly are the Wechsler Memory Scale Drawing Test ( Sullivan et al., 2000b), a letter/symbol cancellation test ( Beatty et al., 1996), the Mental Rotation Test ( Beatty et al., 1996), the Hidden Figures Test ( Sullivan et al., 2000b Fama et al., 2004), the Rey-Osterrieth Complex Figure Test ( Beatty et al., 1996 Sullivan et al., 2000b), and the Gollin Incomplete Pictures Test ( Sullivan et al., 2000b Fama et al., 2004). This discrepancy was largely accounted for by scores on three of the individual Performance subtests, which relied strongly on visuospatial cognitive capacities: Block Design, Object Assembly, and Digit Symbol. ![]() ![]() Early demonstrations of these deficits in alcoholics were apparent as relatively lower scores on Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale Performance subtests compared to Verbal subtests (reviewed by Ellis and Oscar-Berman, 1989). Neuropsychologic tests consistently have shown that alcoholics suffer from persistent deficits in visuospatial cognition ( Beatty et al., 1996 Oscar-Berman and Schendan, 2000 Sullivan et al., 2000b, 2002b, 2010 Fama et al., 2004 Fein et al., 2006). Gravitz, in Handbook of Clinical Neurology, 2014 Impairments
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